Titanium Forging Services
Closed-die precision forging, open-die ingot breakdown, and seamless rolled ring forging — delivering aerospace-grade grain flow, AMS 2631 Class AA ultrasonic quality, and ≥95% equiaxed alpha+beta microstructure.
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Titanium Forging Process Spectrum
From closed-die precision forging of complex aerospace geometries to open-die ingot breakdown and seamless ring rolling — three specialized plastic deformation workflows for mission-critical titanium components.
Closed-Die Precision Forging
Heavy High-Tonnage Dies for Near-Net ShapingUtilizing heavy high-tonnage dies for near-net shaping on complex aerospace linkages, turbine blades, and structural nodes — slashing post-machining scrap rates by up to 70% compared to billet machining.
- Complex aerospace linkage and structural node forging with tight dimensional control
- Turbine blade and disc preforms with optimized grain flow along critical load paths
- Closed-die tolerances within ±1.5 mm on dimensions up to 2,000 mm — minimizing finish machining
- Die design validated via FEA simulation before first production hit — reducing tooling tryout iterations
Open-Die Heavy Forging
Repetitive Upsetting & Drawing on Huge IngotsExecuting repetitive upsetting and drawing operations on huge titanium ingots to shatter primitive cast structures — creating dense, reliable forging stock with refined grain structures and zero centerline porosity.
- Ingot breakdown from 800 mm Ø starting stock down to custom rectangular/square/round cross-sections
- Multi-stage upsetting (reduction ratio ≥3:1) to fully recrystallize the cast structure into fine equiaxed grains
- Inter-pass temperature control within ±15°C to stay within the beta-transus working window (950-1020°C for Grade 5)
- Post-forge ultrasonic inspection per ASTM E2375 — certifying zero centerline porosity at Class AA sensitivity levels
Seamless Rolled Ring Forging
Radial-Axial Rolling Mills for Massive DiametersDeploying radial-axial rolling mills for seamless ring wall expansion up to massive diameters — orienting grain matrices along peripheral load lines for optimum fatigue resistance in bearing races and flanges.
- Ring diameters from 200 mm to 3,000 mm — wall thickness from 20 mm to 300 mm
- Continuous radial-axial rolling process achieves uniform grain refinement across the entire ring cross-section
- Near-net ring profiles reduce subsequent machining material loss by up to 40% vs. forged-and-bored blanks
- Full NDT suite: ultrasonic (UT), magnetic particle (MT), and dimensional verification per ASME Section V
Forging Capacity Dashboard
Press tonnage, ring size capacity, ultrasonic quality limits, and microstructure control metrics for our titanium forging facility.
Max Billet Cross-Section
Heavy infrastructure tonnage scaling up to 8,000 metric tons — delivering the compressive force needed to shape large titanium billets and complex closed-die geometries.
Forging Temperature Range
Seamless expanding outer diameter tracking up to 2,500 mm via radial-axial rolling — producing large annular forgings with continuous grain flow orientation.
Part Mass Range
100% compliant under Class I Ultrasonic Testing boundaries per AMS 2631 Class AA — the most stringent aerospace subsurface discontinuity standard.
Microstructure Phase Guarantee
Yielding ≥95% uniform equiaxed alpha+beta metallurgical transformation — ensuring optimum balance of strength, ductility, and fatigue resistance per aerospace specifications.
All forging performed per AMS 2750 pyrometry and AMS 2631 ultrasonic inspection standards. Microstructure verified per ASTM E3 metallographic preparation.
Grain Flow & Metallurgy Control
Conquering titanium over-heating and structural fiber disruption requires precise thermomechanical window control and FEA-optimized grain flow engineering. Here's how we achieve aerospace-grade forged microstructures.
Thermomechanical Window Locking
Titanium's alpha-to-beta phase transformation (Beta Transus at ~995°C for Ti-6Al-4V) is a critical metallurgical boundary. Forging above the Beta Transus causes uncontrolled grain coarsening — growing prior-beta grains to 500-2,000 µm — resulting in a Widmanstätten (basketweave) microstructure with drastically reduced ductility (elongation <5%) and fracture toughness. Forging too low (<850°C) causes excessive work hardening, cracking, and incomplete die fill.
Strict Confinement of Forge Impacts Between 920°C - 970°C
- Precise temperature window of 920-970°C maintained throughout the entire forging cycle — staying 25-75°C below the Beta Transus to prevent grain coarsening while remaining hot enough to ensure complete recrystallization and die fill without cracking
- Multi-zone furnace control with ±5°C uniformity across the entire billet — each zone independently regulated via PID controllers with thermocouple feedback, ensuring the billet core and surface are within the target window before the first forging blow
- Infrared pyrometer cross-check at the press: billet surface temperature is verified immediately before each forging pass — if the temperature has dropped below 920°C, the billet is returned to the furnace for re-heating rather than risk cold-working the material
- Result: fully equiaxed alpha+beta microstructure with < ASTM 7 grain size — delivering optimum tensile strength (≥950 MPa), yield strength (≥880 MPa), and elongation (≥14%) per AMS 4928 specification
Continuous Grain Flow Engineering
Components machined directly from wrought billet or plate have cut grain fibers — the internal metallurgical grain structure is interrupted by the machining process, creating stress concentration paths along cut fiber ends that reduce fatigue life by up to 200% compared to forged components with continuous grain flow following the part contour.
DEFORM Finite Element Fluidic Modeling for Pass Reduction Optimization
- DEFORM finite element analysis (FEA) software simulates the complete forging sequence — billet heating, die contact, plastic flow, and grain deformation — predicting the final grain flow orientation and identifying regions where fiber discontinuity or flow-through defects may occur before any tool steel is cut
- Multi-pass reduction planning: the FEA model determines the optimal number of forging passes, per-pass reduction ratio (typically 15-25% per pass), and die geometry to ensure uninterrupted grain fibers that follow the component's external contour — flowing around fillets, through web sections, and into boss features without folding or reversal
- Physical grain flow verification via macro-etch (per ASTM E340): a cross-section of the first-article forging is macro-etched to reveal the grain flow pattern — compared against the FEA prediction to validate model accuracy and confirm continuous fiber orientation that follows the load-bearing contour of the finished component
- Result: fatigue resistance exceeding 200% of machined-from-bar components — grain fibers remain unbroken through the part geometry, eliminating stress concentration at cut fiber ends and ensuring crack propagation resistance under cyclic loading per ASTM E466
Need High-Load Titanium Forgings?
Submit Blueprints for Rapid Metallurgical Assessment
Upload your forging drawings, material specifications, and annual volume projections for a rapid 24-hour metallurgical and commercial assessment — including closed-die or open-die process selection, FEA grain flow modeling, die design feasibility, and multi-tier pricing for prototype through production volumes.
Submit for Forging AssessmentOne Metal. One Focus. Infinite Precision.
Founded in 2011 in Baoji's Titanium Valley, BOZE Metal is dedicated exclusively to titanium — from raw material to precision engineering. AS9100D, ISO 13485 & ISO 9001 certified with 500+ clients across Aerospace, Medical & Motorsport industries, we deliver end-to-end precision titanium CNC machining with full material traceability from source to component.
Boze CNC Ti is the dedicated titanium manufacturing center of Baoji Boze Metal Products Co., Ltd.